Emissions Case Study: TKO Farming tree planting
- ASHEEP & BEEF
- Oct 31
- 3 min read
Jan Clawson, ASHEEP & BEEF
Mark and Liv Walter (TKO Farming) run a mixed sheep and cropping enterprise in the Cascade area, west of Esperance. In 2023 they were among the first group of farmers to join the Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA), producer demonstration site (PDS) funded project, ‘Carbon Neutral 2030 – Getting started on farm’. (Note: ASHEEP & BEEF is in the process of renaming this PDS as new industry targets focus on emissions intensity not carbon neutrality).
Liv spoke with project coordinator Jan Clawson about their involvement and progress to date. Their original plan was to investigate what establishing a tree-planting “Carbon Project” would involve.
They had an area of land that was partially cleared in the 1960s, along with the rest of the farm. However, this site was found to contain many rocks and poisonous plants, making it a low productivity area, so development was stopped. The area was re-fenced and ripped in preparation for trees in 2022 - prior to joining this project. This presented the first hurdle, as a “Carbon Project” must be registered before any changes are made.
Further investigations revealed a series of complications. “You can do X, Y, or Z,” or “if you pay this organisation or consultant, you could ...” However, the ever-changing rules and methods - each requiring significant time and money - made it difficult to identify a clear and straightforward path.
As part of the PDS, Mark and Liv attended the Katanning Research Station Tour in 2023, where emission reduction strategies were identified and they visited the North Stirling Downs tree planting project. In 2024, they joined ASHEEP & BEEF’s Eastern States Tour, which included a visit to Jigsaw Farms - one of the first farms to achieve carbon neutrality in 2011. These tours, along with their own research, led them to decide not to pursue the “Carbon Project” path, as they felt it presented too much risk for future generations.
Instead, they have decided to continue their longstanding land management approach by expanding the native revegetation they began years earlier.
Liv explained that she wanted trees that could be harvested, while also providing a source of seeds and bush tucker. She selected nine different tree varieties, including:
Two Callistemon species: Fiery & One-Sided Bottlebrush
Five Eucalyptus species: Sugar Gums, Red Flowering Yellow Gums, Flat Topped Yate, Salt River Gum and Coral Gum
Two Melaleuca species: Western Black Tea Tree and Broombush.
The July school holidays provided the perfect opportunity to begin planting, with children home from school. A keen group of willing helpers and farm staff started planting between the new fence and the remaining native vegetation using six pogo sticks tree planters. After lunch, they moved to the main revegetated area, planting about half of the 20,000 tree seedlings in one day. Mark, Tara and Davina completed the planting a week later using a mechanical tree planter- covering roughly one-quarter of the 28-hectare area.
In addition, Mark and Liv planted 3,000 saltbush seedlings and another 10,000 mixed-species trees seedling on a separate farm. In total, they planted over 27,000 trees this year, the latest reports indicated they are growing well. Liv hopes to continue planting next year - weather permitting - using seedlings and direct seeding, if a seed supplier can be found.
This revegetation will increase biodiversity to the top end of the Young River catchment. Although they won’t be selling Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCU), there are still significant benefits. Once the 28 hectares of mixed species - environmental planting are included in the Sheep & Beef Greenhouse Accounting Framework (SB-GAF) calculator, the trees will increase sequestration by:
43 tonnes of CO2e at five years
96 tonnes of CO2e at ten years.
This will reduce overall farm emissions. At ten years of age, with no other changes, it will lower emission intensity by 0.4kg CO2-e per kilogram of liveweight.
Mark and Liv also participated in a Murdoch University first-year Veterinary Medicine student study. They shared their SB-GAF calculator data to help students understanding how to complete the calculator using real numbers from a working farm business. The students estimated that the tree planting area could yield 125 tonnes of CO2e over a 25-year permanence period using the current FullCAM model - had they pursued the “Carbon Project” path.
It has been rewarding to watch the Walters work through the Carbon Project decision. Ultimately, they chose a path that benefits the environment and their business.
While we will monitor the impact of this planting, the final outcome will extend beyond the remaining year of this MLA PDS.
